Introduction (What is Japanese Encephalitis? (JE))
- Japanese Encephalitis is a mosquito borne arboviral disease that can
affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and death.
- It is a disease of rural, semi-urban and agricultural areas.
- Transmitted by female mosquitoes of genera Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, mansonia and
Armegeres mosquitoes.
- Vector mosquitoes proliferate in close association with pigs, wading birds and ducks, the principal amplifying hosts. JE virus.
Sporadic cases (Occasional cases, widely distributed in time and place):
are observed in China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Bagladesh and Eartern areas of Russia.
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Regional, seosonal outbreaks (large number of cases occuring simultaneously at the same time and place):
Occurs in Thailand, parts of India and Srilanka.
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Indian Scenario:
JE was clinically diagnosed for the first time in India in 1955 at Vellore, erstwhile North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu.
Subsequently, the outbreaks have occurred in 25 States / Union Territories of India.
JE virus infection is widespread and is particularly very high in Southern States of India viz., Andra Pradesh (AP) Tamil Nadu and some parts of Karnataka.
Occurance of JE outbreaks in India (1950-2000)
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JE Presentations